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Librarians
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CheckoutCareers.com
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Librarians
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Administer libraries and perform related library services. Work in a variety of settings, including public libraries, schools, colleges and universities, museums, corporations, government agencies, law firms, non-profit organizations, and healthcare providers. Tasks may include selecting, acquiring, cataloguing, classifying, circulating, and maintaining library materials; and furnishing reference, bibliographical, and readers' advisory services. May perform in-depth, strategic research, and synthesize, analyze, edit, and filter information. May set up or work with databases and information systems to catalogue and access information.
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Degrees
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Abilities
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Near Vision| | The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). |
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Written Comprehension| | The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. |
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Oral Expression| | The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. |
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Category Flexibility| | The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways. |
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Information Ordering| | The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). |
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Oral Comprehension| | The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. |
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Deductive Reasoning| | The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. |
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Flexibility of Closure| | The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material. |
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Inductive Reasoning| | The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). |
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Speech Recognition| | The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. |
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Far Vision| | The ability to see details at a distance. |
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Speech Clarity| | The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. |
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Written Expression| | The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. |
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Fluency of Ideas| | The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity). |
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Memorization| | The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures. |
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Originality| | The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem. |
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Visualization| | The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged. |
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Number Facility| | The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly. |
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Problem Sensitivity| | The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. |
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Finger Dexterity| | The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects. |
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Selective Attention| | The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted. |
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Speed of Closure| | The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns. |
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Mathematical Reasoning| | The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem. |
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Time Sharing| | The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources). |
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Perceptual Speed| | The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object. |
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Visual Color Discrimination| | The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness. |
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Manual Dexterity| | The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects. |
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Static Strength| | The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects. |
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Trunk Strength| | The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing. |
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Arm-Hand Steadiness| | The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. |
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Auditory Attention| | The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds. |
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Depth Perception| | The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object. |
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Hearing Sensitivity| | The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness. |
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Multilimb Coordination| | The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. |
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Control Precision| | The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions. |
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Wrist-Finger Speed| | The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists. |
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Spatial Orientation| | The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you. |
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Extent Flexibility| | The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs. |
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Gross Body Equilibrium| | The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position. |
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Glare Sensitivity| | The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting. |
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Night Vision| | The ability to see under low light conditions. |
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Response Orientation| | The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part. |
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Sound Localization| | The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated. |
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Speed of Limb Movement| | The ability to quickly move the arms and legs. |
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Dynamic Flexibility| | The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs. |
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Dynamic Strength| | The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue. |
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Gross Body Coordination| | The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion. |
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Stamina| | The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath. |
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Interests
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Artistic| | Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules. |
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Second Interest High-Point| | Secondary-Cutoff/Rank Descriptiveness |
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Conventional| | Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow. |
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Investigative| | Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally. |
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Enterprising| | Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business. |
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Social| | Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others. |
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First Interest High-Point| | Primary-Rank Descriptiveness |
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Realistic| | Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. |
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Knowledge
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Customer and Personal Service| | Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. |
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English Language| | Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. |
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Clerical| | Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. |
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Education and Training| | Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. |
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Computers and Electronics| | Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. |
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Administration and Management| | Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. |
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Communications and Media| | Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media. |
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Personnel and Human Resources| | Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. |
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Geography| | Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life. |
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Mathematics| | Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. |
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Psychology| | Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. |
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History and Archeology| | Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures. |
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Law and Government| | Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process. |
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Sales and Marketing| | Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. |
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Sociology and Anthropology| | Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins. |
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Economics and Accounting| | Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data. |
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Philosophy and Theology| | Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture. |
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Public Safety and Security| | Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions. |
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Telecommunications| | Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems. |
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Therapy and Counseling| | Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance. |
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Mechanical| | Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. |
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Production and Processing| | Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods. |
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Fine Arts| | Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture. |
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Foreign Language| | Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation. |
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Design| | Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. |
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Chemistry| | Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. |
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Engineering and Technology| | Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services. |
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Transportation| | Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits. |
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Medicine and Dentistry| | Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures. |
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Biology| | Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment. |
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Building and Construction| | Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads. |
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Physics| | Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes. |
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Food Production| | Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques. |
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Wages
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| District of Columbia | $59,270.00 |
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| North Carolina | $43,580.00 |
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| South Carolina | $43,660.00 |
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| Virgin Islands | $34,210.00 |
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Related Careers
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Computer & Information Systems Managers| | Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer programming. |
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Counter & Rental Clerks| | Receive orders for repairs, rentals, and services. May describe available options, compute cost, and accept payment. |
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Education Administrators, Elementary & Secondary School| | Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic, clerical, or auxiliary activities of public or private elementary or secondary level schools. |
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Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education| | Teach pupils in public or private schools at the elementary level basic academic, social, and other formative skills. |
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First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Office & Administrative Support Workers| | Supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and administrative support workers. |
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Food Service Managers| | Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that serves food and beverages. |
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Library Technicians| | Assist librarians by helping readers in the use of library catalogs, databases, and indexes to locate books and other materials; and by answering questions that require only brief consultation of standard reference. Compile records; sort and shelve books; remove or repair damaged books; register patrons; check materials in and out of the circulation process. Replace materials in shelving area (stacks) or files. Includes bookmobile drivers who operate bookmobiles or light trucks that pull trailers to specific locations on a predetermined schedule and assist with providing services in mobile libraries. |
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Skills
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Learning Strategies| | Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things. |
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Reading Comprehension| | Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. |
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Monitoring| | Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. |
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Active Learning| | Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making. |
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Coordination| | Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. |
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Active Listening| | Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. |
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Writing| | Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. |
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Critical Thinking| | Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. |
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Instructing| | Teaching others how to do something. |
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Speaking| | Talking to others to convey information effectively. |
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Service Orientation| | Actively looking for ways to help people. |
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Social Perceptiveness| | Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. |
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Equipment Selection| | Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. |
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Persuasion| | Persuading others to change their minds or behavior. |
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Time Management| | Managing one's own time and the time of others. |
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Complex Problem Solving| | Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. |
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Judgment and Decision Making| | Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. |
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Management of Financial Resources| | Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures. |
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Management of Material Resources| | Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work. |
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Negotiation| | Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences. |
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Systems Evaluation| | Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system. |
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Operations Analysis| | Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design. |
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Management of Personnel Resources| | Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. |
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Mathematics| | Using mathematics to solve problems. |
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Systems Analysis| | Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes. |
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Quality Control Analysis| | Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance. |
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Troubleshooting| | Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it. |
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Technology Design| | Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs. |
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Operation and Control| | Controlling operations of equipment or systems. |
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Installation| | Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. |
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Equipment Maintenance| | Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. |
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Science| | Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. |
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Repairing| | Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools. |
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Operation Monitoring| | Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly. |
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Programming| | Writing computer programs for various purposes. |
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Tasks
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| Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions. |
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| Analyze patrons' requests to determine needed information, and assist in furnishing or locating that information. |
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| Teach library patrons to search for information using databases. |
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| Keep records of circulation and materials. |
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| Supervise budgeting, planning, and personnel activities. |
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| Check books in and out of the library. |
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| Explain use of library facilities, resources, equipment, and services, and provide information about library policies. |
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| Review and evaluate resource material, such as book reviews and catalogs, in order to select and order print, audiovisual, and electronic resources. |
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| Code, classify, and catalog books, publications, films, audiovisual aids, and other library materials based on subject matter or standard library classification systems. |
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| Locate unusual or unique information in response to specific requests. |
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| Direct and train library staff in duties such as receiving, shelving, researching, cataloging, and equipment use. |
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| Confer with teachers, parents, and community organizations to develop, plan, and conduct programs in reading, viewing, and communication skills. |
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| Respond to customer complaints, taking action as necessary. |
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| Organize collections of books, publications, documents, audiovisual aids, and other reference materials for convenient access. |
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| Develop library policies and procedures. |
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| Evaluate materials to determine outdated or unused items to be discarded. |
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| Compile lists of overdue materials, and notify borrowers that their materials are overdue. |
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| Develop information access aids such as indexes and annotated bibliographies, web pages, electronic pathfinders, and on-line tutorials. |
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| Plan and deliver client-centered programs and services such as special services for corporate clients, storytelling for children, newsletters, or programs for special groups. |
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| Compile lists of books, periodicals, articles, and audiovisual materials on particular subjects. |
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| Design information storage and retrieval systems, and develop procedures for collecting, organizing, interpreting, and classifying information. |
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| Arrange for interlibrary loans of materials not available in a particular library. |
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| Develop and index databases that provide information for library users. |
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| Negotiate contracts for library services, materials, and equipment. |
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| Provide input into the architectural planning of library facilities. |
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| Collect and organize books, pamphlets, manuscripts, and other materials in specific fields, such as rare books, genealogy, or music. |
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| Plan and participate in fundraising drives. |
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| Assemble and arrange display materials. |
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| Perform public relations work for the library, such as giving televised book reviews and community talks. |
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| Write proposals for research or project grants. |
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Career Activities
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| Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge |
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| follow data storage procedures |
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| use knowledge of multi-media technology |
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| use library or online Internet research techniques |
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| use oral or written communication techniques |
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| use public speaking techniques |
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| Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work |
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| develop arts-related information or index systems |
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| Processing Information |
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| catalog or classify materials or artifacts |
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| classify information according to content or purpose |
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| compile bibliographies of specialized materials |
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| investigate customer complaints |
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| organize reference materials |
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| Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events |
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| index information resources |
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| Training and Teaching Others |
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| conduct training for personnel |
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| disseminate knowledge of literature or languages |
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| Performing for or Working Directly with the Public |
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| answer customer or public inquiries |
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| assist patrons in finding materials |
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| provide information about facilities |
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| work with public in selecting books or materials |
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| work with public in using reference tools or finding materials |
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| Handling and Moving Objects |
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| arrange library materials |
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| Communicating with Persons Outside Organization |
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| make presentations |
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| Monitoring and Controlling Resources |
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| monitor and control library resources |
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| order or purchase supplies, materials, or equipment |
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| Interacting With Computers |
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| develop or maintain databases |
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| use computers to enter, access or retrieve data |
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| use word processing or desktop publishing software |
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| Thinking Creatively |
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| arrange merchandise display |
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| design library displays |
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| Performing Administrative Activities |
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| maintain records, reports, or files |
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| Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others |
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| direct and coordinate activities of workers or staff |
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| Provide Consultation and Advice to Others |
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| consult with customers concerning needs |
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| consult with parents or teachers to develop programs |
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| Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others |
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| negotiate business contracts |
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| resolve customer or public complaints |
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| Developing Objectives and Strategies |
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| develop policies, procedures, methods, or standards |
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| write research or project grant proposals |
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| Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information |
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| determine what additional materials to order |
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| Selling or Influencing Others |
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| conduct fund raising activities |
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Career Context
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| Face-to-Face Discussions |
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| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled |
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| Contact With Others |
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| Electronic Mail |
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| Telephone |
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| Structured versus Unstructured Work |
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| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate |
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| Work With Work Group or Team |
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| Deal With External Customers |
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| Freedom to Make Decisions |
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| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls |
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| Coordinate or Lead Others |
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| Frequency of Decision Making |
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| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks |
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| Physical Proximity |
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| Letters and Memos |
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| Responsibility for Outcomes and Results |
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| Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People |
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| Spend Time Sitting |
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| Public Speaking |
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| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results |
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| Time Pressure |
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| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions |
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| Frequency of Conflict Situations |
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| Responsible for Others' Health and Safety |
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| In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment |
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| Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment |
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| Spend Time Walking and Running |
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| Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable |
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| Exposed to Contaminants |
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| Consequence of Error |
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| Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions |
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| Exposed to Disease or Infections |
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| Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting |
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| Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled |
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| Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body |
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| Degree of Automation |
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| Spend Time Standing |
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| Level of Competition |
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| Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance |
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Career Styles
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Cooperation| | Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude. |
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Dependability| | Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations. |
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Attention to Detail| | Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks. |
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Adaptability/Flexibility| | Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace. |
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Integrity| | Job requires being honest and ethical. |
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Self Control| | Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations. |
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Concern for Others| | Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job. |
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Initiative| | Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges. |
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Achievement/Effort| | Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks. |
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Independence| | Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done. |
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Social Orientation| | Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job. |
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Leadership| | Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction. |
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Persistence| | Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles. |
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Stress Tolerance| | Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations. |
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Innovation| | Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems. |
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Analytical Thinking| | Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems. |
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Career Needs
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Working Conditions| | Workers on this job have good working conditions. |
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Moral Values| | Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong. |
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