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Computer Programmers
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CheckoutCareers.com
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Computer Programmers
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Convert project specifications and statements of problems and procedures to detailed logical flow charts for coding into computer language. Develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information. May program web sites.
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Degrees
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Abilities
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Information Ordering| | The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). |
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Oral Comprehension| | The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. |
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Written Comprehension| | The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. |
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Written Expression| | The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. |
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Oral Expression| | The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. |
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Deductive Reasoning| | The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. |
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Near Vision| | The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). |
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Inductive Reasoning| | The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). |
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Originality| | The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem. |
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Problem Sensitivity| | The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. |
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Flexibility of Closure| | The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material. |
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Fluency of Ideas| | The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity). |
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Category Flexibility| | The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways. |
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Selective Attention| | The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted. |
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Speed of Closure| | The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns. |
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Memorization| | The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures. |
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Speech Clarity| | The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. |
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Speech Recognition| | The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. |
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Mathematical Reasoning| | The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem. |
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Perceptual Speed| | The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object. |
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Visualization| | The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged. |
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Wrist-Finger Speed| | The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists. |
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Finger Dexterity| | The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects. |
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Time Sharing| | The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources). |
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Auditory Attention| | The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds. |
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Arm-Hand Steadiness| | The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. |
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Manual Dexterity| | The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects. |
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Number Facility| | The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly. |
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Far Vision| | The ability to see details at a distance. |
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Control Precision| | The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions. |
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Visual Color Discrimination| | The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness. |
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Hearing Sensitivity| | The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness. |
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Trunk Strength| | The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing. |
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Depth Perception| | The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object. |
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Interests
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Investigative| | Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally. |
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Third Interest High-Point| | Tertiary-Cutoff/Rank Descriptiveness |
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Realistic| | Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. |
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Conventional| | Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow. |
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Artistic| | Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules. |
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Enterprising| | Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business. |
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First Interest High-Point| | Primary-Rank Descriptiveness |
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Social| | Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others. |
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Second Interest High-Point| | Secondary-Cutoff/Rank Descriptiveness |
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Knowledge
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Computers and Electronics| | Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. |
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Mathematics| | Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. |
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English Language| | Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. |
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Customer and Personal Service| | Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. |
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Design| | Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. |
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Clerical| | Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. |
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Engineering and Technology| | Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services. |
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Economics and Accounting| | Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data. |
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Administration and Management| | Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. |
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Education and Training| | Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. |
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Telecommunications| | Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems. |
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Communications and Media| | Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media. |
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Physics| | Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes. |
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Public Safety and Security| | Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions. |
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Personnel and Human Resources| | Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. |
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Law and Government| | Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process. |
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Mechanical| | Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. |
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Psychology| | Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. |
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Sales and Marketing| | Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. |
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Production and Processing| | Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods. |
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Sociology and Anthropology| | Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins. |
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Geography| | Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life. |
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Transportation| | Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits. |
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Foreign Language| | Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation. |
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Philosophy and Theology| | Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture. |
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Building and Construction| | Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads. |
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Therapy and Counseling| | Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance. |
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History and Archeology| | Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures. |
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Biology| | Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment. |
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Chemistry| | Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. |
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Medicine and Dentistry| | Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures. |
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Fine Arts| | Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture. |
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Wages
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| District of Columbia | $64,330.00 |
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| North Carolina | $65,050.00 |
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| South Carolina | $52,830.00 |
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| Virgin Islands | $34,490.00 |
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Related Careers
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Computer & Information Systems Managers| | Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer programming. |
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Computer Operators| | Monitor and control electronic computer and peripheral electronic data processing equipment to process business, scientific, engineering, and other data according to operating instructions. May enter commands at a computer terminal and set controls on computer and peripheral devices. Monitor and respond to operating and error messages. |
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Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary| | Teach courses in computer science. May specialize in a field of computer science, such as the design and function of computers or operations and research analysis. |
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Computer Support Specialists| | Provide technical assistance to computer system users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone or from remote location. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems. |
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Computer Systems Analysts| | Analyze science, engineering, business, and all other data processing problems for application to electronic data processing systems. Analyze user requirements, procedures, and problems to automate or improve existing systems and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and scheduling limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software. May supervise computer programmers. |
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Computer, Automated Teller, & Office Machine Repairers| | Repair, maintain, or install computers, word processing systems, automated teller machines, and electronic office machines, such as duplicating and fax machines. |
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Numerical Tool & Process Control Programmers| | Develop programs to control machining or processing of parts by automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems. |
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Operations Research Analysts| | Formulate and apply mathematical modeling and other optimizing methods using a computer to develop and interpret information that assists management with decision making, policy formulation, or other managerial functions. May develop related software, service, or products. Frequently concentrates on collecting and analyzing data and developing decision support software. May develop and supply optimal time, cost, or logistics networks for program evaluation, review, or implementation. |
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Skills
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Critical Thinking| | Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. |
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Active Learning| | Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making. |
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Operations Analysis| | Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design. |
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Programming| | Writing computer programs for various purposes. |
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Complex Problem Solving| | Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. |
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Reading Comprehension| | Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. |
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Learning Strategies| | Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things. |
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Troubleshooting| | Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it. |
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Technology Design| | Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs. |
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Active Listening| | Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. |
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Systems Analysis| | Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes. |
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Coordination| | Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. |
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Equipment Selection| | Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. |
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Instructing| | Teaching others how to do something. |
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Writing| | Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. |
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Mathematics| | Using mathematics to solve problems. |
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Monitoring| | Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. |
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Systems Evaluation| | Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system. |
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Installation| | Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. |
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Speaking| | Talking to others to convey information effectively. |
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Time Management| | Managing one's own time and the time of others. |
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Persuasion| | Persuading others to change their minds or behavior. |
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Social Perceptiveness| | Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. |
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Judgment and Decision Making| | Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. |
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Equipment Maintenance| | Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. |
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Operation and Control| | Controlling operations of equipment or systems. |
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Quality Control Analysis| | Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance. |
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Repairing| | Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools. |
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Service Orientation| | Actively looking for ways to help people. |
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Operation Monitoring| | Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly. |
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Negotiation| | Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences. |
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Management of Personnel Resources| | Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. |
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Science| | Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. |
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Management of Financial Resources| | Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures. |
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Management of Material Resources| | Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work. |
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Tasks
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| Correct errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to ensure that the desired results are produced. |
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| Conduct trial runs of programs and software applications to be sure they will produce the desired information and that the instructions are correct. |
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| Compile and write documentation of program development and subsequent revisions, inserting comments in the coded instructions so others can understand the program. |
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| Write, update, and maintain computer programs or software packages to handle specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling other equipment. |
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| Consult with managerial, engineering, and technical personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, and suggest changes. |
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| Perform or direct revision, repair, or expansion of existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements. |
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| Write, analyze, review, and rewrite programs, using workflow chart and diagram, and applying knowledge of computer capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic. |
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| Write or contribute to instructions or manuals to guide end users. |
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| Investigate whether networks, workstations, the central processing unit of the system, or peripheral equipment are responding to a program's instructions. |
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| Prepare detailed workflow charts and diagrams that describe input, output, and logical operation, and convert them into a series of instructions coded in a computer language. |
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| Perform systems analysis and programming tasks to maintain and control the use of computer systems software as a systems programmer. |
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| Consult with and assist computer operators or system analysts to define and resolve problems in running computer programs. |
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| Assign, coordinate, and review work and activities of programming personnel. |
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| Collaborate with computer manufacturers and other users to develop new programming methods. |
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| Train subordinates in programming and program coding. |
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Tools
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| Computer servers |
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| Desktop computers |
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| Mainframe computers |
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| Mainframe operating systems |
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Technology
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| Analytical or scientific software |
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| SAS software |
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| Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis SPICE |
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| Application server software |
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| IBM WebSphere |
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| Compiler and decompiler software |
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| Code generator software |
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| Command interpreters |
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| Compiler |
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| Decompiler |
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| Incremental compiler software |
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| Inline code expander software |
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| Interpreter software |
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| Just-in-time compiler |
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| Mixed code generator |
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| One pass compiler software |
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| Partial class generator software |
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| Retargetable compiler |
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| Stage compiler |
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| Threaded code compiler |
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| Xerces2 Java Parser |
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| Configuration management software |
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| Revision control software |
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| Content workflow software |
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| Workflow software |
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| Data base management system software |
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| CAST SQL Builder |
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| Computer Associates integrated data management system CA-IDMS |
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| Data definition language DDL |
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| Data manipulation language DML |
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| dBase Plus |
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| IBM DB2 |
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| Microsoft Access |
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| Microsoft SQL Server |
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| Microsoft Visual FoxPro (database management system feature) |
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| mSQL software |
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| MySQL software |
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| Oracle procedural language/structured query language PL/SQL |
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| Pick software |
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| Relational database management software |
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| Sybase SQL Server |
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| Data base reporting software |
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| ReCrystallize Crystal Reports |
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| Data base user interface and query software |
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| Structured query language SQL |
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| Development environment software |
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| A programming language APL |
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| Activity based costing ABC |
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| Ada |
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| Adobe PostScript |
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| Algorithmic language ALGOL |
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| American National Standards Institute ANSI C |
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| Assembler |
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| AWK |
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| B |
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| Basic combined programming language BCPL |
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| Beginner's all-purpose symbolic instruction code BASIC |
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| C |
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| Class oriented ring associated language CORAL |
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| Clipper |
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| CLU |
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| Code munger software |
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| Combined programming language CPL |
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| Common business oriented language COBOL |
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| Eclipse software |
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| Extensible markup language XML |
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| Extensible stylesheet language XSL |
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| Flow-Matic |
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| Formula translation/translator FORTRAN |
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| FORTH |
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| Haskell |
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| Icon |
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| Interface definition language IDL |
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| J |
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| Kernel |
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| List processing language LISP |
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| Logo |
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| Microsoft C# NET |
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| Microsoft Visual Basic |
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| Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition VBScript |
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| Microsoft Visual Studio |
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| ML |
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| MUMPS M |
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| Parlog |
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| Pascal |
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| Programming language one PL/I |
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| Prolog |
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| Restructured extended executor REXX |
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| Ruby |
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| Scheme |
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| Source code migration software |
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| String oriented symbolic language SNOBOL |
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| Symantec Visual Caf |
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| Tier generator software |
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| Web service definition language WDSL |
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| Enterprise application integration software |
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| IBM Rational ClearCase |
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| Enterprise resource planning ERP software |
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| Advanced business application programming ABAP |
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| Graphical user interface development software |
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| Basis BBx VisualPRO/5 |
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| Graphical user interface GUI development software |
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| Internet browser software |
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| Microsoft Visual FoxPro (internet browser feature) |
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| Object or component oriented development software |
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| BETA |
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| Borland Delphi |
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| C++ |
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| Categorical abstract machine language CAML |
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| Common extended self-containing prolog CESP |
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| Distributed, reusable Ada generated from an object-oriented notation DRAGOON |
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| E++ |
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| Eiffel |
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| Emerald |
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| Extended self-containing Prolog ESP |
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| Greatis Object Inspector |
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| Java |
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| Lisp object-oriented programming system LOOPS |
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| Microsoft Visual Basic.NET |
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| Microsoft Visual C# .NET |
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| Modula |
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| Oberon |
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| Objective-C |
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| Oblog |
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| Polka |
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| PowerSoft PowerBuilder |
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| Practical extraction and reporting language Perl |
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| Python |
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| Sather |
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| Self |
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| Simulation language SIMULA |
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| Smalltalk |
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| Operating system software |
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| Bourne Shell |
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| Job control language JCL |
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| Pattern design software |
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| Microsoft Visio |
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| Program testing software |
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| Debugging software |
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| Low-level debugger software |
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| Source code editor software |
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| Symbolic debugger software |
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| Project management software |
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| Microsoft Project |
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| Requirements analysis and system architecture software |
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| Unified modeling language UML |
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| Spreadsheet software |
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| Microsoft Excel |
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| Transaction server software |
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| Customer information control system CICS software |
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| Web platform development software |
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| Cascading Style Sheets CSS |
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| Hypertext markup language HTML |
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| Java server pages JSP |
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| JavaScript |
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| Macromedia ColdFusion |
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| Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP |
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| PHP |
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| Word processing software |
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| Micros | | | | |
