Biochemists and Biophysicists

Job Description: Study the chemical composition or physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms.

Biochemists and Biophysicists spend a lot of their time Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge. They are naturally good at Oral Comprehension, Oral Expression, Written Expression, and Speech Clarity. Biochemists and Biophysicists are typically characterized as being Investigative and Artistic. They are usually very knowledgable about Biology, Chemistry, and English Language and are skilled at Reading Comprehension and Active Learning.

Work Activities

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge
  
Processing Information
  
Thinking Creatively
  
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events
  
Analyzing Data or Information
  
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work
  
Getting Information
  
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships
  
Making Decisions and Solving Problems
  
Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings
  
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others
  
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates
  
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information
  
Documenting/Recording Information
  
Training and Teaching Others
  
Developing Objectives and Strategies
  
Communicating with Persons Outside Organization
  
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others
  
Provide Consultation and Advice to Others
  
Scheduling Work and Activities
  
Handling and Moving Objects
  
Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People
  
Interacting With Computers
  
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material
  
Coaching and Developing Others
  
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards
  
Monitoring and Controlling Resources
  
Controlling Machines and Processes
  
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others
  
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates
  
Selling or Influencing Others
  
Developing and Building Teams
  
Performing Administrative Activities
  
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment
  
Assisting and Caring for Others
  
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment
  
Staffing Organizational Units
  
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment
  
Performing General Physical Activities
  
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public
  
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment
  

Abilities

Oral Comprehension
  
Oral Expression
  
Written Expression
  
Speech Clarity
  
Inductive Reasoning
  
Written Comprehension
  
Category Flexibility
  
Problem Sensitivity
  
Deductive Reasoning
  
Originality
  
Fluency of Ideas
  
Information Ordering
  
Mathematical Reasoning
  
Near Vision
  
Flexibility of Closure
  
Speech Recognition
  
Number Facility
  
Far Vision
  
Speed of Closure
  
Visualization
  
Selective Attention
  
Visual Color Discrimination
  
Perceptual Speed
  
Arm-Hand Steadiness
  
Memorization
  
Finger Dexterity
  
Control Precision
  
Manual Dexterity
  
Depth Perception
  
Time Sharing
  
Hearing Sensitivity
  
Multilimb Coordination
  
Wrist-Finger Speed
  
Auditory Attention
  
Response Orientation
  
Trunk Strength
  
Reaction Time
  
Static Strength
  
Rate Control
  

Interests

Investigative
  
Artistic
  
Realistic
  
Conventional
  
Enterprising
  
Social
  

Knowledge

Biology
  
Chemistry
  
English Language
  
Engineering and Technology
  
Education and Training
  
Mathematics
  
Mechanical
  
Computers and Electronics
  
Physics
  
Production and Processing
  
Administration and Management
  
Design
  
Clerical
  
Medicine and Dentistry
  
Communications and Media
  
Public Safety and Security
  
Personnel and Human Resources
  
Psychology
  
Foreign Language
  
Law and Government
  
Customer and Personal Service
  
Building and Construction
  
Transportation
  
Sales and Marketing
  
Telecommunications
  
Economics and Accounting
  

Wages

Georgia
$97,020  
 
North Carolina
$96,250  
 
Massachusetts
$91,190  
 
Pennsylvania
$90,700  
 
Connecticut
$89,790  
 
Delaware
$88,340  
 
Michigan
$85,960  
 
New Jersey
$82,180  
 
New York
$81,300  
 
California
$81,070  
 
Colorado
$80,280  
 
Utah
$77,580  
 
Illinois
$75,960  
 
Tennessee
$72,970  
 
Virginia
$72,860  
 
Iowa
$72,740  
 
Ohio
$66,990  
 
South Carolina
$62,550  
 
Texas
$61,660  
 
Indiana
$60,760  
 
Maryland
$60,470  
 
Wisconsin
$57,310  
 
Alabama
$57,210  
 
Florida
$55,740  
 
Arizona
$55,340  
 
Washington
$52,410  
 
Nebraska
$52,260  
 
Minnesota
$52,140  
 
Oklahoma
$50,900  
 
Louisiana
$49,700  
 
Oregon
$48,160  
 
Missouri
$46,780  
 
Puerto Rico
$35,390  
 

Skills

Reading Comprehension
  
Active Learning
  
Writing
  
Critical Thinking
  
Learning Strategies
  
Science
  
Mathematics
  
Speaking
  
Judgment and Decision Making
  
Monitoring
  
Instructing
  
Active Listening
  
Complex Problem Solving
  
Management of Personnel Resources
  
Coordination
  
Time Management
  
Systems Analysis
  
Quality Control Analysis
  
Social Perceptiveness
  
Systems Evaluation
  
Persuasion
  
Operations Analysis
  
Programming
  
Technology Design
  
Negotiation
  
Operation Monitoring
  
Service Orientation
  
Management of Material Resources
  
Operation and Control
  
Management of Financial Resources
  
Equipment Selection
  
Troubleshooting
  

Work Values

Recognition
  
Achievement
  
Working Conditions
  
Independence
  
Relationships
  
Support
  

Work Styles

Persistence
  
Innovation
  
Adaptability/Flexibility
  
Analytical Thinking
  
Attention to Detail
  
Cooperation
  
Stress Tolerance
  
Initiative
  
Dependability
  
Independence
  
Achievement/Effort
  
Integrity
  
Leadership
  
Social Orientation
  
Concern for Others
  
Self Control
  

Related University Degree Programs

Work Context

Electronic Mail
  
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
  
Face-to-Face Discussions
  
Telephone
  
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
  
Contact With Others
  
Work With Work Group or Team
  
Structured versus Unstructured Work
  
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
  
Letters and Memos
  
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
  
Freedom to Make Decisions
  
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
  
Time Pressure
  
Level of Competition
  
Coordinate or Lead Others
  
Spend Time Sitting
  
Exposed to Disease or Infections
  
Responsible for Others' Health and Safety
  
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
  
Frequency of Conflict Situations
  
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
  
Spend Time Standing
  
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
  
Exposed to Contaminants
  
Frequency of Decision Making
  
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
  
Consequence of Error
  
Physical Proximity
  
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
  
Duration of Typical Work Week
  
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
  
Degree of Automation
  
Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting
  
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
  
Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
  
Public Speaking
  
Deal With External Customers
  
Spend Time Walking and Running
  
Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body
  
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
  
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
  
Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
  
Exposed to Radiation
  
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
  
Exposed to High Places
  
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
  
Deal With Physically Aggressive People
  
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
  
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment
  
Work Schedules
  
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
  
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
  
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather
  
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
  
Outdoors, Under Cover
  
In an Open Vehicle or Equipment
  

-40 hours-

Duration of Typical Work Week
  

-A lot of freedom-

Structured versus Unstructured Work
  
Freedom to Make Decisions
  

-About half the time-

Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
  
Spend Time Sitting
  
Spend Time Standing
  
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
  
Spend Time Walking and Running
  
Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body
  
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
  
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
  
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
  

-Completely automated-

Degree of Automation
  

-Constant contact with others-

Contact With Others
  

-Contact with others about half the time-

Contact With Others
  

-Contact with others most of the time-

Contact With Others
  

-Continually or almost continually-

Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
  
Spend Time Sitting
  
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
  
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
  
Spend Time Walking and Running
  
Spend Time Standing
  
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
  
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
  
Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body
  

-Every day-

Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
  
Electronic Mail
  
Face-to-Face Discussions
  
Telephone
  
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
  
Letters and Memos
  
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
  
Frequency of Decision Making
  
Time Pressure
  
Exposed to Contaminants
  
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
  
Exposed to Disease or Infections
  
Exposed to Radiation
  
Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting
  
Frequency of Conflict Situations
  
Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
  
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
  
Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
  
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
  
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
  
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
  
In an Open Vehicle or Equipment
  
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather
  
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
  
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment
  
Exposed to High Places
  
Outdoors, Under Cover
  
Public Speaking
  
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
  
Deal With Physically Aggressive People
  

-Extremely competitive-

Level of Competition
  

-Extremely important-

Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
  
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
  
Work With Work Group or Team
  
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
  
Coordinate or Lead Others
  
Deal With External Customers
  

-Extremely serious-

Consequence of Error
  

-Fairly important-

Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
  
Deal With External Customers
  
Coordinate or Lead Others
  
Work With Work Group or Team
  
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
  
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
  

-Fairly serious-

Consequence of Error
  

-High responsibility-

Responsible for Others' Health and Safety
  
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
  

-Highly automated-

Degree of Automation
  

-Highly competitive-

Level of Competition
  

-I don't work near other people (beyond 100 ft.)-

Physical Proximity
  

-I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)-

Physical Proximity
  

-Important-

Coordinate or Lead Others
  
Deal With External Customers
  
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
  
Work With Work Group or Team
  
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
  
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
  

-Important results-

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
  

-Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)-

Work Schedules
  

-Less than 40 hours-

Duration of Typical Work Week
  

-Less than half the time-

Spend Time Walking and Running
  
Spend Time Sitting
  
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
  
Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body
  
Spend Time Standing
  
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
  
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
  
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
  
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
  

-Limited freedom-

Freedom to Make Decisions
  
Structured versus Unstructured Work
  

-Limited responsibility-

Responsible for Others' Health and Safety
  
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
  

-Minor results-

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
  

-Moderate responsibility-

Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
  
Responsible for Others' Health and Safety
  

-Moderate results-

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
  

-Moderately automated-

Degree of Automation
  

-Moderately close (at arm's length)-

Physical Proximity
  

-Moderately competitive-

Level of Competition
  

-More than 40 hours-

Duration of Typical Work Week
  

-More than half the time-

Spend Time Standing
  
Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body
  
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
  
Spend Time Sitting
  
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
  
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
  
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
  
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
  
Spend Time Walking and Running
  

-Never-

In an Open Vehicle or Equipment
  
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
  
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather
  
Outdoors, Under Cover
  
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
  
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment
  
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
  
Exposed to High Places
  
Deal With Physically Aggressive People
  
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
  
Exposed to Radiation
  
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
  
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
  
Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
  
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
  
Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body
  
Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting
  
Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
  
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
  
Exposed to Disease or Infections
  
Spend Time Walking and Running
  
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
  
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
  
Spend Time Standing
  
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
  
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
  
Frequency of Conflict Situations
  
Exposed to Contaminants
  
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
  
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
  
Public Speaking
  
Telephone
  
Frequency of Decision Making
  
Letters and Memos
  
Spend Time Sitting
  
Time Pressure
  
Face-to-Face Discussions
  
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
  
Electronic Mail
  

-No contact with others-

Contact With Others
  

-No freedom-

Structured versus Unstructured Work
  
Freedom to Make Decisions
  

-No responsibility-

Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
  
Responsible for Others' Health and Safety
  

-No results-

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
  

-Not at all automated-

Degree of Automation
  

-Not at all competitive-

Level of Competition
  

-Not important at all-

Deal With External Customers
  
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
  
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
  
Coordinate or Lead Others
  
Work With Work Group or Team
  
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
  

-Not serious at all-

Consequence of Error
  

-Occasional contact with others-

Contact With Others
  

-Once a month or more but not every week-

Frequency of Conflict Situations
  
Frequency of Decision Making
  
Time Pressure
  
Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
  
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
  
Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting
  
Public Speaking
  
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
  
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
  
Telephone
  
Deal With Physically Aggressive People
  
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
  
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
  
Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
  
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
  
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment
  
Exposed to Contaminants
  
Exposed to Radiation
  
Letters and Memos
  
Exposed to High Places
  
Electronic Mail
  
Outdoors, Under Cover
  
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
  
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
  
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
  
In an Open Vehicle or Equipment
  
Exposed to Disease or Infections
  
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather
  
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
  
Face-to-Face Discussions
  

-Once a week or more but not every day-

Letters and Memos
  
Exposed to Disease or Infections
  
Time Pressure
  
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
  
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
  
Exposed to Contaminants
  
Telephone
  
Frequency of Conflict Situations
  
Face-to-Face Discussions
  
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
  
Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
  
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
  
Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting
  
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
  
Exposed to Radiation
  
Electronic Mail
  
Exposed to High Places
  
Frequency of Decision Making
  
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
  
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment
  
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
  
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
  
Deal With Physically Aggressive People
  
In an Open Vehicle or Equipment
  
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather
  
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
  
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
  
Outdoors, Under Cover
  
Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
  
Public Speaking
  

-Once a year or more but not every month-

Public Speaking
  
Frequency of Decision Making
  
Exposed to Contaminants
  
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
  
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
  
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
  
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
  
Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
  
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
  
Time Pressure
  
Frequency of Conflict Situations
  
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
  
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
  
Letters and Memos
  
Exposed to Disease or Infections
  
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
  
Exposed to Radiation
  
Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting
  
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment
  
Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
  
Deal With Physically Aggressive People
  
Outdoors, Under Cover
  
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather
  
Exposed to High Places
  
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
  
Telephone
  
In an Open Vehicle or Equipment
  
Face-to-Face Discussions
  
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
  
Electronic Mail
  

-Regular (established routine, set schedule)-

Work Schedules
  

-Seasonal (only during certain times of the year)-

Work Schedules
  

-Serious-

Consequence of Error
  

-Slightly automated-

Degree of Automation
  

-Slightly close (e.g., shared office)-

Physical Proximity
  

-Slightly competitive-

Level of Competition
  

-Some freedom-

Structured versus Unstructured Work
  
Freedom to Make Decisions
  

-Very close (near touching)-

Physical Proximity
  

-Very high responsibility-

Responsible for Others' Health and Safety
  
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
  

-Very important-

Work With Work Group or Team
  
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
  
Coordinate or Lead Others
  
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
  
Deal With External Customers
  
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
  

-Very important results-

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
  

-Very little freedom-

Freedom to Make Decisions
  
Structured versus Unstructured Work
  

-Very serious-

Consequence of Error
  

Task Ratings

- Importance Core-

Prepare reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes.
  
Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  
Manage laboratory teams, and monitor the quality of a team's work.
  
Share research findings by writing scientific articles and by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  

- Importance Supplemental-

Develop and execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  
Develop and test new drugs and medications intended for commercial distribution.
  
Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer and other diseases.
  
Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules such as proteins, using x-rays and electron microscopes.
  
Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, and living energy changes such as growth, aging, and death.
  
Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  
Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.
  
Research the chemical effects of substances such as drugs, serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
  
Research how characteristics of plants and animals are carried through successive generations.
  
Develop methods to process, store, and use foods, drugs, and chemical compounds.
  
Investigate the nature, composition, and expression of genes, and research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  
Study physical principles of living cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
  
Produce pharmaceutically and industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.
  
Isolate, analyze, and synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, and enzymes, and determine their effects on body functions.
  
Design and perform experiments with equipment such as lasers, accelerators, and mass spectrometers.
  
Teach and advise undergraduate and graduate students, and supervise their research.
  
Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
  
Examine the molecular and chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  
Design and build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  

- Relevance of Task Core-

Prepare reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes.
  
Share research findings by writing scientific articles and by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  
Manage laboratory teams, and monitor the quality of a team's work.
  
Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  

- Relevance of Task Supplemental-

Develop and test new drugs and medications intended for commercial distribution.
  
Design and build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  
Develop and execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  
Teach and advise undergraduate and graduate students, and supervise their research.
  
Design and perform experiments with equipment such as lasers, accelerators, and mass spectrometers.
  
Investigate the nature, composition, and expression of genes, and research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  
Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, and living energy changes such as growth, aging, and death.
  
Produce pharmaceutically and industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.
  
Develop methods to process, store, and use foods, drugs, and chemical compounds.
  
Research the chemical effects of substances such as drugs, serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
  
Study physical principles of living cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
  
Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer and other diseases.
  
Examine the molecular and chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  
Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
  
Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  
Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules such as proteins, using x-rays and electron microscopes.
  
Isolate, analyze, and synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, and enzymes, and determine their effects on body functions.
  
Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.
  
Research how characteristics of plants and animals are carried through successive generations.
  

-Daily Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Core-

Manage laboratory teams, and monitor the quality of a team's work.
  
Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  
Prepare reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes.
  
Share research findings by writing scientific articles and by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  

-Daily Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Supplemental-

Develop and execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  
Research how characteristics of plants and animals are carried through successive generations.
  
Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer and other diseases.
  
Develop and test new drugs and medications intended for commercial distribution.
  
Study physical principles of living cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
  
Research the chemical effects of substances such as drugs, serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
  
Design and perform experiments with equipment such as lasers, accelerators, and mass spectrometers.
  
Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, and living energy changes such as growth, aging, and death.
  
Investigate the nature, composition, and expression of genes, and research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  
Produce pharmaceutically and industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.
  
Teach and advise undergraduate and graduate students, and supervise their research.
  
Isolate, analyze, and synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, and enzymes, and determine their effects on body functions.
  
Examine the molecular and chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  
Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules such as proteins, using x-rays and electron microscopes.
  
Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.
  
Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
  
Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  
Design and build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  

-Hourly or more Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Core-

Manage laboratory teams, and monitor the quality of a team's work.
  
Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  
Share research findings by writing scientific articles and by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  
Prepare reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes.
  

-Hourly or more Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Supplemental-

Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.
  
Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer and other diseases.
  
Produce pharmaceutically and industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.
  
Teach and advise undergraduate and graduate students, and supervise their research.
  
Develop and test new drugs and medications intended for commercial distribution.
  
Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules such as proteins, using x-rays and electron microscopes.
  
Examine the molecular and chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  
Investigate the nature, composition, and expression of genes, and research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  
Research the chemical effects of substances such as drugs, serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
  
Research how characteristics of plants and animals are carried through successive generations.
  
Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
  
Design and perform experiments with equipment such as lasers, accelerators, and mass spectrometers.
  
Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  
Design and build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  
Develop and execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  
Develop methods to process, store, and use foods, drugs, and chemical compounds.
  
Isolate, analyze, and synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, and enzymes, and determine their effects on body functions.
  
Study physical principles of living cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
  
Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, and living energy changes such as growth, aging, and death.
  

-More than monthly Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Core-

Prepare reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes.
  
Manage laboratory teams, and monitor the quality of a team's work.
  
Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  
Share research findings by writing scientific articles and by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  

-More than monthly Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Supplemental-

Produce pharmaceutically and industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.
  
Design and perform experiments with equipment such as lasers, accelerators, and mass spectrometers.
  
Teach and advise undergraduate and graduate students, and supervise their research.
  
Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, and living energy changes such as growth, aging, and death.
  
Research the chemical effects of substances such as drugs, serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
  
Study physical principles of living cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
  
Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
  
Investigate the nature, composition, and expression of genes, and research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  
Isolate, analyze, and synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, and enzymes, and determine their effects on body functions.
  
Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer and other diseases.
  
Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  
Research how characteristics of plants and animals are carried through successive generations.
  
Examine the molecular and chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  
Develop methods to process, store, and use foods, drugs, and chemical compounds.
  
Design and build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  
Develop and execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  
Develop and test new drugs and medications intended for commercial distribution.
  
Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules such as proteins, using x-rays and electron microscopes.
  
Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.
  

-More than weekly Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Core-

Manage laboratory teams, and monitor the quality of a team's work.
  
Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  
Prepare reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes.
  
Share research findings by writing scientific articles and by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  

-More than weekly Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Supplemental-

Isolate, analyze, and synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, and enzymes, and determine their effects on body functions.
  
Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules such as proteins, using x-rays and electron microscopes.
  
Research the chemical effects of substances such as drugs, serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
  
Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, and living energy changes such as growth, aging, and death.
  
Produce pharmaceutically and industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.
  
Develop methods to process, store, and use foods, drugs, and chemical compounds.
  
Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.
  
Teach and advise undergraduate and graduate students, and supervise their research.
  
Examine the molecular and chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  
Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer and other diseases.
  
Investigate the nature, composition, and expression of genes, and research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  
Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
  
Study physical principles of living cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
  
Design and perform experiments with equipment such as lasers, accelerators, and mass spectrometers.
  
Develop and execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  
Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  
Develop and test new drugs and medications intended for commercial distribution.
  
Design and build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  
Research how characteristics of plants and animals are carried through successive generations.
  

-More than yearly Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Core-

Share research findings by writing scientific articles and by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  
Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  
Prepare reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes.
  
Manage laboratory teams, and monitor the quality of a team's work.
  

-More than yearly Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Supplemental-

Design and build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  
Develop and test new drugs and medications intended for commercial distribution.
  
Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  
Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.
  
Examine the molecular and chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  
Investigate the nature, composition, and expression of genes, and research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  
Isolate, analyze, and synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, and enzymes, and determine their effects on body functions.
  
Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules such as proteins, using x-rays and electron microscopes.
  
Research how characteristics of plants and animals are carried through successive generations.
  
Develop methods to process, store, and use foods, drugs, and chemical compounds.
  
Study physical principles of living cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
  
Design and perform experiments with equipment such as lasers, accelerators, and mass spectrometers.
  
Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, and living energy changes such as growth, aging, and death.
  
Research the chemical effects of substances such as drugs, serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
  
Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer and other diseases.
  
Develop and execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  
Produce pharmaceutically and industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.
  
Teach and advise undergraduate and graduate students, and supervise their research.
  

-Several times daily Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Core-

Manage laboratory teams, and monitor the quality of a team's work.
  
Share research findings by writing scientific articles and by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  
Prepare reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes.
  
Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  

-Several times daily Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Supplemental-

Investigate the nature, composition, and expression of genes, and research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  
Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, and living energy changes such as growth, aging, and death.
  
Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules such as proteins, using x-rays and electron microscopes.
  
Develop and execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  
Study physical principles of living cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
  
Research how characteristics of plants and animals are carried through successive generations.
  
Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer and other diseases.
  
Produce pharmaceutically and industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.
  
Design and perform experiments with equipment such as lasers, accelerators, and mass spectrometers.
  
Develop methods to process, store, and use foods, drugs, and chemical compounds.
  
Develop and test new drugs and medications intended for commercial distribution.
  
Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
  
Design and build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  
Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  
Examine the molecular and chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  
Isolate, analyze, and synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, and enzymes, and determine their effects on body functions.
  
Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.
  
Research the chemical effects of substances such as drugs, serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
  
Teach and advise undergraduate and graduate students, and supervise their research.
  

-Yearly or less Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Core-

Share research findings by writing scientific articles and by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  
Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  
Prepare reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes.
  
Manage laboratory teams, and monitor the quality of a team's work.
  

-Yearly or less Frequency of Task (Categories 1-7) Supplemental-

Design and build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  
Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  
Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules such as proteins, using x-rays and electron microscopes.
  
Examine the molecular and chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  
Teach and advise undergraduate and graduate students, and supervise their research.
  
Research the chemical effects of substances such as drugs, serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
  
Design and perform experiments with equipment such as lasers, accelerators, and mass spectrometers.
  
Isolate, analyze, and synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, and enzymes, and determine their effects on body functions.
  
Produce pharmaceutically and industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.
  
Develop methods to process, store, and use foods, drugs, and chemical compounds.
  
Develop and test new drugs and medications intended for commercial distribution.
  
Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
  
Develop and execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  
Study physical principles of living cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.
  
Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, and living energy changes such as growth, aging, and death.
  
Research how characteristics of plants and animals are carried through successive generations.
  
Investigate the nature, composition, and expression of genes, and research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  
Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer and other diseases.
  

Education Training Experience

-On-Site or In-Plant Training-

None
  
Up to and including 1 month
  
Over 1 month, up to and including 3 months
  
Over 3 months, up to and including 6 months
  
Over 6 months, up to and including 1 year
  
Over 1 year, up to and including 2 years
  
Over 4 years, up to and including 10 years
  
Over 10 years
  

-On-the-Job Training-

None or short demonstration
  
Anything beyond short demonstration, up to and including 1 month
  
Over 1 month, up to and including 3 months
  
Over 3 months, up to and including 6 months
  
Over 6 months, up to and including 1 year
  
Over 2 years, up to and including 4 years
  
Over 4 years, up to and including 10 years
  
Over 10 years
  

-Related Work Experience-

None
  
Over 6 months, up to and including 1 year
  
Over 1 year, up to and including 2 years
  
Over 2 years, up to and including 4 years
  
Over 4 years, up to and including 6 years
  
Over 10 years
  

-Required Level of Education-

Bachelor's Degree
  
Post-Baccalaureate Certificate - awarded for completion of an organized program of study; designed for people who have completed a Baccalaureate degree, but do not meet the requirements of academic degrees carrying the title of Master
  
Master's Degree
  
Post-Master's Certificate - awarded for completion of an organized program of study; designed for people who have completed a Master's degree, but do not meet the requirements of academic degrees at the doctoral level
  
Doctoral Degree
  
Post-Doctoral Training